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Warning 111 | [PSS®E] | SIMPLEFAULT applied at infinite bus


Relevant software:

PSS®E


Emitted message:

The SMIB Distance Factor (dfactor) specified in this Node will fault the infinite bus - you may see no voltage change in your simulation result

Description:​

This warning indicates that there is a fault being applied using a SIMPLEFAULT command which will fault the Thévenin equivalent source bus.

danger

When a fault is applied at a swing/reference bus, you will likely see no voltage change in your simulation results, leading to misleading or incorrect results.

Assuming the line 100->999#1 is the Thévenin equivalent source, with 999 the slack bus, this can occur by either:

  • Specifying the wrong Distance factor in the PSS®E Dynamic Node. The value of 1 means to fault the from end of the line (from->to#id).
    • E.g. specifying Distance factor of 0 with SIMPLEFAULT, LINE=100->999#1 will raise this warning.
  • Specifying the $psse_zsource_branch Global Variable backwards. The direction of all line definitions in gridmo is in the direction of active power leaving your generating system.
    • E.g. using SIMPLEFAULT, LINE=999->100#1 with the default value of Distance factor will raise this warning.

Possible impact:​

  • You may see no voltage change in your simulation results, leading to misleading or incorrect results.

Potential fixes:​

  • Review your Distance factor setting in the PSS®E Dynamic Node to ensure you are faulting the correct end of the line.
    • The default value of 1 is typical for most power system studies.
  • Review your LINE= argument and/or the value of the $psse_zsource_branch Global Variable to ensure the from end of the line is your generating system's connection point and the to end is the Thévenin equivalent source bus.